Cultural tourism is among recent postmodern approaches in satisfying the cultural needs of today’ s world. This study investigates the dynamics of Urban tourism places that can affect the attraction of cultural tourists. Firstly, Urban tourism places such as historical places were recognized by implementing an analytical approach, and a framework resulting from their constructing factors in the city was defined. Through analyzing the concepts and objectives of this research, the recognized places were identified as cultural tourism places in the city. Secondly, the researcher conducted an analytical approach to identify how these factors influence cultural tourist attraction using cultural tourists’ experiences to complete the framework and the resulting analytical model. Finally, to examine the research hypotheses in an Urban area, Paris City was selected as a case study. Cultural tourism places in Paris were categorize into three distinct groups: 1) permanent historical heritage and cultural or natural places, 2) temporary historical heritage and cultural or natural places, and 3) constant emergence of new art instances in the city resulting from revisiting the role of culture and substituting marginal artists and producing real cultural scenes in different Urban places. These three groups were assessed using cultural tourists’ experiences to shed light upon the effect of factors constructing cultural tourism placesas well as factors constructing experiences of cultural tourists. Based on the analyses, the results indicated that cultural tourists search for authentic experiences which come along with the presence of city’ s everyday life; such pluralist experiences which are creative in their today’ s origin that resulted from active participation of cultural tourists in Urban places. Such places are defined as connected factors of Urban cultural places separately or collectively. These places include historical, natural and contemporary cultural public realms, local public realms, unconventional Urban public realms, and recreational business public realms. These joined temporary or permanent open, semi-open and sometimes-close symbolic physical characteristics along with symbolic cultural social actions; interactions with the presence of cultural tourists and formation of cultural meanings based on their understanding from the spirit of the atmosphere produce a symbolic framework. Surely, places containing cultural meanings, such as artistic, historical, national, mythical, scientific, literary, ethnical, social and recreational, present cultural tourists with authentic and pluralist experiences that derived from understandings the life style and cultural meanings of the hosting society in different ways and can play effective role in attracting cultural tourists. It’ s worth mentioning that applying such places as a temporary or permanent localities in holding festival activities and events or presenting and introducing them in informal events to separate production and nonproduction for them in city’ s everyday life experience, can lead to creation of different meanings and interpretations of such places that rooted in the identity of these places. Creation of such individual readings and having as many understandings as those who experienced the atmosphere in these cultural places can be more influential in forming a creative meanings in attracting cultural tourists. Other influential factors can be socio-economic factors that can be subject of future investigations.

Considering the factors affecting the conversion of places and destinations to the tourism brand of the prevalence of tourism development in each region. Because these factors play an important role in the conversion of tourism destinations, and on the other hand, the conversion of a destination to its tourism brand is also a factor in developing more tourism in purposes. Considering the importance of this issue, the present study aimed to investigate the factors and stimuli effect on increasing the transformation of Urban and rural areas to tourism brand in Guilan province. The present research is in terms of purpose, applied and method of doing it. The data collection tool and the questionnaire and interview information. The statistical population of the research is experts and tourism specialists in Guilan province, using targeted sampling method, 50 experts were selected as samples. To answer the research questions, the binary logistics model and qualitative analysis were used. The results of the research indicate that linear and meaningful communication has existed with the factors and stimuli of the research with the conversion of Urban and rural places to the tourism brand. Also, the results showed that among the five factors in question, three factors of diversity of job opportunities, culture and natural assets and local infrastructure have had the most effects on the transformation of Urban and rural areas in Guilan province for tourism brand.

Introduction: Religious tourism is one of the most important and prosperous branches of the tourism industry that has left significant effects on various aspects of societies, especially their economies. Today, in many countries, such as Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Iran, and India, popular historical and religious centers and complexes are located. Objectives: This article uses descriptive-analytical method along with field studies to explain the role of religious tourism in the development of Rasht and its purpose is to introduce and identify religious sites and the optimal use of these cultural and historical sites for tourism development in Rasht. Methodology: The results of documentary and field studies show that there are many cultural, historical and religious places in Rasht that with proper planning and proper publicity can increase the income of city dwellers and the employment of some unemployed youth in this city. Geographical Context The city of Rasht is in Gilan province and all its religious places. Results and Discussion The results of documentary and field studies show that there are many cultural, historical and religious places in Rasht that with proper planning and proper publicity can increase the income of city dwellers and the employment of some unemployed youth in this city. Conclusion Results: It has been shown that about seventy percent of the respondents believe that with the arrival of religious tourists in Rasht, people's incomes have increased and religious tourism as an effective way to develop Rasht has a high to moderate impact on this city. Respondents stated that the appropriateness of the (religious) tourism situation in Rasht is moderate and the main reason for the weakness of religious tourism in Rasht is the lack of support from the authorities and the lack of awareness of tourists about these attractions. The most important religious tourism attractions in Rasht are the holy tombs of Bibi Roghayeh and Imam's sister, and the impact of religious tourism and religious sites and Hosseiniyah and its role in the development of Rasht is high to moderate. Also, the results obtained from the analysis of various components related to religious tourism such as advertising, city development, barriers, participation, economic dimension, spiritual dimension and capabilities in the city of Rasht show that a positive and significant relationship between religious tourism and economic components. There is.

Nowadays, with the unplanned Urban growth and the subsequent increase in the use of cars, the role of pedestrians in Urban spaces is gradually diminishing. This has reduced the vitality of public spaces for social interactions in cities. The present study aimed to investigate the level and quality of social interactions in the cultural pedestrian zone of Rasht city and the role of third places in creating social interactions and increasing the level of social interactions in tourism development. The applied study used a descriptive method. A questionnaire with a Likert scale was used to collect the data. Moreover, one-sample t-test, factor analysis, and Pearson's correlation coefficient were used for analyzin the data. The 51-item questionnaire used in this study measures the quality of third places, identity, destination attractiveness and social interactions in Alamolhoda pedestrian zone. The sample included 384 people using Cochran's formula. The questionnaire reliability is obtained at 0.897 by Cronbach's alpha test. The correlation findings for all three tests are an acceptable value and show that the components “place identity”, “pedestrian zone quality”, and “third places” have a significant impact on the development of tourism in the area. The most important implication of the present study is explaining the synergistic relationship between the development of third places and tourism. Therefore, the status of third places in Urban planning and Urban tourism planning should be emphasized in our country. Increasing third places' environmental and cultural qualities will eventually lead to increasing social diversity, interaction between citizens and tourists, and sustainable incomes.

The neutrality of living spaces in the Urban environment and man’s lack of space in the Urban structure both indicate that contemporary man is suffering from homelessness and lack of space. That is why citizens and Urban dwellers have lost their identity and their interaction with the environment. The mission of Urban planning is to enhance Urban spaces to places in which social and human values can be manifested.Phenomenology has the potential to create meaningful environments and call for a sense of place, spirit of place, and meaning of place, all of which being the basic elements of the identity of a place. The results of the present study have shown that it is not needed to look for a new designing style, instead, it is necessary to search for traditional meanings and values in the architecture and construction of cities with especial attention to phenomenological approach.

This article attempts to study the contexts, reasons and consequences of feeling insecurity among women in Urban public places. The field of study is Urban public places in Sanandaj. A sample is selected by theoretical purposes sampling and they were interviewed by way of deep individual interviews. The findings show that feeling insecurity among women in Urban public places is due to causes like “structural tensions” and “sociofobia” as well as circumstances such as “violent places” and “self representation”. Women also believe that their insecurity feelings are amplified by specific reasons and motivations visible in men words, behaviors and gestures. The most important of these reasons/motivations are: “appetence of relation” & “Frustration/aggression”. This Insecurity feeling of women has individual and collective consequences that made them to adopt “Precautionary actions”, such as secrecy and silence. These insecurity feelings are also visible in social level.

Inner city renovation attitudes has been increased last decades, this growing attitudes make planners pay attention to best comprehensive approaches, one of this is organic approaches that consider all economical, social, functional, legislative and physical aspects together. Creative development as a means of this approaches also consist on combination of culture and economy explained by Florida (2002), this concept can carry in heritage sites with tourism consideration, it means that creative development with tourism approaches can led to renovation. But the question is that "Is the potential of deferent parcels or zones in one district the same for development? " this theses focus on identifying suitable zones for creative development with tourism approach in heritage sites with SZCD model, that measure factors, criteria and indexes of creative development with tourism approaches by using AHP methods.

In historical-cultural tourism discussions, vicinity applications of historical places are important in terms of the interaction of tourist with the place. In most cases the surrounding applications of historical places have less compatibility with historical spaces and result in conversion of the valuable historical places to the separated places and free from the spaces connected to them especially in terms of spatial function. This paper is based on evaluating the compatibility rate of the surrounding applications of historical works in cultural-historical area of Tabriz with the aim of attracting tourists. In order to do this the needed data have been collected from tourists by using questionnaire, and the statistical calculations are made to find the relationships between the variable using SPSS software and chi-square tests. The results show that changing the application patterns of surrounding spaces of historical works would increase the residence period of tourists and visitors of historical places.Therefore there should be an effective planning to provide supportive and service spaces surrounding the historical places. On the other hand considering the tourism paths and designing the connecting rings in the distance between historical spaces, along with special facilities, can create a strong incitement for generating new spaces in historical textures and make them desirable and lively places.

In all countries of the world, Urban management is one of the dynamic forces of the city. Among these, various Urban development plans are the most important tools of Urban management intervention on behalf of the government. The present article aims to analyze the effects of Urban development projects on the destruction of historical-identity sites in Mashhad, the causes of land use change and destruction of valuable historical buildings and structures in Mashhad and evaluation of Urban actions and projects in the central part of Mashhad Has been. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature and method. In the spatial analysis section, visual interpretation of old aerial photographs and satellite images with a resolution of 0.5 meters has been used. The analytical framework of the research is formed by emphasizing Lefebvre's three concepts of space dimensions, including spatial practice, representational space, especially spatial representation. The results show that the policies and Urban plans implemented in the central part of Mashhad have seriously damaged its historical identity. The depopulation representation in this space has not been able to preserve the historical context, even as a single building, and has led to the depopulation and de-functionalization of the historical contexts of Mashhad and the disappearance of the concept of neighborhood in these ancient areas.